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Sida (hermaphrodita)

John M. Englert
USDA NRCS - Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center
Bldg. 509, BARC - East, E. Beaver Dam Road
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
(301) 504-8175
(301) 504-8741 (fax)
john.englert@wdc.usda.gov
http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/mdpmc/
Family Scientific Name: Malvaceae
Family Common Name: Mallow Family
Scientific Name: Sida hermaphrodita
Common Name: Virginia mallow
Species Code: SIDHER
Ecotype: Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, George Washington Memorial Parkway.
General Distribution: Virginia mallow grows in open, moist locations along rivers and thrives in full sun to partial shade. It's range is Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia to southern Michigan and Tennessee.
Propagation Goal: plants
Propagation Method: seed
ProductType: Container (plug)
Stock Type: Container plugs
Time To Grow: 3 Months
Propagule Collection: Collected in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, George Washington Memorial Parkway by J. Englert by 10/25/95.
Propagule Processing: Seed Processing: Four seeds are inside each capsule; capsules must be crushed to extract seeds, and capsule pieces can separated from seeds by screening or winnowing.
Seeds/Kg: Approximately 200,000 seeds/kg.
Germination: 34%.
Purity: 95%.
Pre-Planting Treatments: Seed Treatments: Seeds are given a hot water soak (76§ C water poured over seeds and allowed to cool over 24 hour period) All seeds were sown 3 mm deep in a commercial potting mix in the greenhouse.
Growing Area Preparation/
Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:		 Propagation Environment: Greenhouse temperatures averaged 26§ C during the day and 13§ C at night. Photoperiod was seasonal under natural light.

Seed Propagation Method: Seeds are sown by hand after pre-treatment.

Container Type and Volume: Seeds started in open flats.

Growing Media: Commercial germination mix.
Establishment Phase: Sowing Date: February.

Emergence and Date: 34% germination total in 1 month.

Sowing/Planting Technique: Hot-water-soaked seeds hand sown on germination mix and lightly covered with additional mix (about 1/8 inch deep).

Establishment Phase: Seedlings germinated over a 1 month period.
Active Growth Phase: Rapid Growth Phase: Seedlings grew rapidly during early spring; fertilizer information not available.
Hardening Phase: Hardening Phase: Seedlings transplanted outside in May-no hardening period from greenhouse required.
Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: Total Time to Harvest: Seedlings transplanted outside into field plot 3 months after germination.

Seed storage: Seed is stored dry in paper envelopes in seed cooler at 40§ F, 35% relative humidity.
Other Comments: Comments: Since this plant is state-rare in Virginia (the population along the George Washington Parkway is the only known stand in Northern Virginia), the Park requested only that we look at biology of the plant; therefore, plant production information is not available.

Vegetation Propagation Method: Rhizome sections approximately 25 cm long (with a minimum diameter of 1 cm) with large, visible buds (> 1 mm) can be used to generate new plants. Sections are spread over a flat containing woody mix (3.8 cu ft. bale Sunshine #1, 4 cu. ft. of pine bark mulch, 20 oz. Nutricote and approximately 20 oz. endo-mycorrhizae) and covered with 3 to 4 cm of additional mix. Flats are hand-watered. Light and temperatures are seasonal. New shoots appear in as little as 9 days. For experimental reasons, rhizomes were dug in November, but in the wild new shoots appear in April and May (Spooner et al, 1985), so rhizome cuttings may possibly be made successfully at other times during the year.

Propagator: D. Woolston, J. Kujawski.
References: Brown and Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Port City Press.

Gleason, H and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd edition. New York Bot. Garden.

Kujawski, J. 1996, 1997. Annual Report to the National Park Service for George Washington Memorial Parkway. USDA NRCS National Plant Materials Center. Beltsville, MD.

Kujawski, J., D. Woolston, and J. Englert. 1997. Propagation of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) from seeds, rhizomes. Restoration and Management Notes. Vol. 15(2): 193-194.

Spooner, D.M., A.W. Cusick, G.F. Hall, and J.M. Baskin. 1985. Observations on the distribution and ecology of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby (Malvaceae). Sida Contrib. Bot. 11(2):215-225.

Citation:

Kujawski, Jennifer L.; Davis, Kathy M.. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Sida hermaphrodita plants Container plugs; USDA NRCS - Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center Beltsville, Maryland. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/11/22). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.