Triteleia (grandiflora)

Dave Skinner PMC Farm Manager USDA NRCS - Pullman Plant Materials Center Room 211A Hulbert Hall WSU Pullman, Washington 99164-6211 509-335-9689 509-335-2940 (fax) abbie@wsu.edu http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/wapmc

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Family Scientific Name:	Liliaceae
Family Common Name:	Lily
Scientific Name:	Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. grandiflora
Common Synonym:	Brodiaea douglasii Wats.
Common Name:	Douglas' brodiaea
Species Code:	TRGRG2 (BRDO)
Ecotype:	Paradise Creek drainage, Pullman, WA
General Distribution:	East of the Cascades in British Columbia, Washingtonand Oregon east to Montana and south to Wyoming and Utah. Usually found in prairies and meadows from sagebrush habitats to open Ponderosa pine woods.
Propagation Goal:	bulbs
Propagation Method:	seed
ProductType:	Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.)
Time To Grow:	3 Years
Target Specifications:	Corms 1/4 inch in diameter.
Propagule Collection:	Seeds are easily collected when the capsule begins to split, either by shaking the seed into an envelope or collecting whole capsules. Seeds are black when mature. They are stored in envelopes or paper bags at room temperature until cleaned.
Propagule Processing:	Seed shaken from capsules needs no cleaning. Whole capsules can be crushed to release seed. Seed is cleaned with an air column separator. Clean seed is stored in controlled conditions at 40 degrees Fahrenheit and 40% relative humidity.
Pre-Planting Treatments:	Cool, moist stratification and cool growing conditions are needed. No seed germinated without pretreatment. 30 days of cool, moist stratification resulted in a few seeds germinating, but they did not survive in the greenhouse. High germination was obtained from seeds sown in flats and left outside under cool, fluctuating spring temperatures. Seedlings which germinated outside died when placed in the greenhouse.
Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:	In late November or early December seeds are sown in flats containing a 3:1 mix of Sunshine #4 and sharp sand. They are covered lightly. A thin layer of sand or fine grit is applied to the flats to prevent seed and soil from floating out. Pea gravel is not used because many of the stones are impossible to separate from the corms at harvest. Flats are watered deeply. They are placed outside subject to winter conditions.
Establishment Phase:	Germination begins in late March or early April and continues for 3 weeks. Some seed will germinate after a second winter.
Length of Establishment Phase:	1 month
Active Growth Phase:	Flats are moved to the lath house in late May. Plants will develop 1 true leaf in the first season and go dormant in mid to late June. They are left in the lath house with no protection, except snow cover, over the winter. Trays should be protected from extreme cold if not covered with snow, however. In subsequent years, they are watered as needed and fertilized twice with a water soluble, complete fertilizer during the active growth phase. After dormancy, flats are watered only enough to keep the soil from drying out completely.
Length of Active Growth Phase:	3 years
Hardening Phase:	Not needed, as plants are grown outside.
Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:	After 3 years, the plants have developed corms of about 1/4" inch in diameter. In August or September of the third year, the trays are dumped out and corms are separated from the soil using hand screens.
Other Comments:	Corms can be dug from existing populations and moved to another site. They can also be held in pots for later replanting. Corms are buried 6-8 inches and can be difficult to locate. Corms should only be removed from sites where habitat is to be destroyed by development. Diploid plants produce few cormlets and the corms are generally in the upper three inches of the soil, while polyploid plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively by cormlets and the corms are more deeply buried (Barkworth 1977). The corms are edible and were used by native people and early settlers (Craighead et al 1963, Lyons 1997, Parish et al 1996).
References:	Barkworth, Mary E. 1977. Intra specific Variation in Brodiaea douglasii Watson (Liliaceae). Northwest Science 51:79-90. Craighead, John J., Frank C. Craighead, and Ray J. Davis. 1963. A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston, MA. 277 pp. Faust, Ralph, and Peggy Faust. 1999. Wildflowers of the Inland Northwest. Museum of North Idaho. Coeur d'Alene, ID. 141 pp. Hitchcock, C. Leo, and Arthur Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, WA. 730 pp. Larrison, Earl J., Grace W. Patrick, William H. Baker, and James A. Yaich. 1974. Washington Wildflowers. The Seattle Audubon Society. Seattle, WA. 376 pp. Lyons, C.P. 1997. Wildflowers of Washington. Lone Pine Publishing, Renton, WA. 192 pp. Parish, Roberta, Ray Coupe, and Dennis Lloyd (eds.). 1996. Plants of Southern Interior British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 463 pp. Rickett, Harold W. 1973. Wildflowers of the United States: The Central Mountains and Plains. Vol. 6. (3 parts). McGraw Hill, New York. St. John, Harold. 1963. Flora of Southeastern Washington and of Adjacent Idaho. 3rd edition. Outdoor Pictures. Escondido, CA. 583 pp. Strickler, Dee. 1993. Wayside Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. The Flower Press, Columbia Falls, MT. 272 pp. Taylor, Ronald J. 1992. Sagebrush Country. Mountain Press Publishing Co. Missoula, MT. 211 pp. USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Citation:

Skinner, David M,. 2005. Propagation protocol for production of Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. bulbs USDA NRCS - Pullman Plant Materials Center Pullman, Washington. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/11/23). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.