Stylisma (pickeringii var. pickeringii)
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Charles Barreca Manager of Stewardship and Research Duke Farms Foundation 1112 Dukes Parkway West Hillsborough, New Jersey 08844 9085473058 cbarreca@dukefarms.org https://dukefarms.org/ |
| Family Scientific Name: | Convolvulaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Morning Glory Family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Stylisma pickeringii var. pickeringii | ||
| Common Synonym: | Stylisma pickeringii var. pickeringii | ||
| Common Name: | Pickering’s Morning Glory/Pickering's Dawnflower | ||
| Species Code: | STPIP | ||
| Ecotype: | Burlington County, New Jersey | ||
| General Distribution: |
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| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Stock Type: | 7.25" plug | ||
| Time To Grow: | 8 months | ||
| Target Specifications: | Root System: Firm root plug in container and 3-6" lateral shoot growth. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Seeds collected by hand when capsules are mature (September), placed in paper bags. | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Capsules and seed are separated and sifted and cleaned seed is stored in paper bags in a refrigeration unit kept at 40F. Dry seed weight is aprox 1.6 grams per 100 seeds. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: |
Seed needs to be scarified before sowing so seed can imbibe water. Non-scarified Seed is hard, aprox 2mm long with brown to orange color coating. Freshly scarified seed will be ivory in color and be slightly translucent when imbibing water and be aprox 3-4mm long when fully imbibed. Seed can be tumbled in a rock tumbler (Lortone 3A tumbler was used), with a 1:1 mix of unwashed quartz pea gravel and tap water. Seed can be tumbled for 12 to up to 24hrs (longer tumbling will pulverize seeds. Lot size of seed depends on capacity of tumbler, we used no more than 125 seed per tumbling drum, with some seed lost during the tumbling due to pulverization (typically 2-5%). Seed can be separated from gravel and sand manually or by sifting and floating it in beakers. Seed should be allowed to soak for 24hrs in water and seed will swell 2-3 larger. Alternatively, seed can be scarified using 98% sulfuric acid in 1 or 2 hr soaks in sulfuric acid followed by rinsing with tap water. Seed can be soaked or planted after rinsing. |
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| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Containers used are Ray Leach Cone-tainers SC10RA type tubes (7.25" long tube, 1.5" wide at top with taper to bottom), container was chosen to allow for long taproot development and ability to move plugs to avoid tangling as lateral shoots develop. Prepared soil mix from sifted native soil from area (in this case NJ pine barrens sites near existing populations). To retain pure sand in planting tubes, wadded paper is stuffed into bottom of planting tubes and packed tight. Sphagnum moss or other porous materials that can still retain sand can be used. Native sand material was chosen as growing media due to concern that potting mixes and medias would attract attraction from digging animals. Greenhouse is a heated and ventilated glass greenhouse with LED grow lamps, with shade applied to glass exterior in March to avoid spikes in temperature (temp is held 50 at night and 70 during day). Exterior of greenhouse/nursery area are propagation tables and weed barrier cloth setups with overhead irrigation. Irrigation is done with dramm misting wands while in greenhouse while outdoors irrigation is rainfall and netafim overhead sprinklers for supplemental irrigation. |
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| Establishment Phase: |
Establishment begins in February inside a heated greenhouse with supplemental LED lighting on a 12hr cycle from 6am to 6pm. Scarified seed is planted 1/2" below sand surface and irrigated with a misting wand every other day until cotyledon emerges. Tubes are careful weeded of plants germinating in soil (due to the soil being the native soil of the site and not having undergone any treatment or fumigation). |
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| Length of Establishment Phase: | 2-3 months | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Stems will emerge from the sand next to the cotyledon's, whereupon the cotyledon will usually die back. Stems may also at times die back and then regrow, even if watered regularly. Growth is allowed to continue in greenhouse till about June and plants are then moved outside to harden under full sun. Water as needed to keep bottom of plug somewhat damp but top dry. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 2-3 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | When stems reach 2-3" long, space out plugs in their holding tray or flat so that stems do not tangle with each other. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 2-3 months | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: | Plants should be planted during 1st year of growth, overwintered tubes fare poorly (suspected water-logging of sand due to plug on bottom of tube becoming too plugged with fine sediment and mineral to allow water to drain freely). | ||
| Outplanting performance on typical sites: | Site was selected for optimal drainage and sunlight, typical a clearing in stands of pines free from established woody vegetation and heavy lichen/moss crusts. Site an be prepared by gently raking away debris and moss/lichen and digging 7" hole in ground. To free plant with roots from its plug, we cut each plug open with a disposable hook bladed box cutter blade while plug lays side ways and plant and roots are gently slid into hole. Plants are watered in using watering cans with water taken from nearby water sources. For the planting each plant was marked with a pin flag situated at a uniform distance and bearing from each plant to make future observations easier. Planting sites are protected with 3ft fence of hardware cloth buried 6" down to prevent browse and disturbance by rabbits and other herbivores. From a planting done in 2018, 32 of 44 plants planted at a site survived the next year. | ||
| Other Comments: |
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| References: |
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Citation:
Barreca, Charles T. 2020. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Stylisma pickeringii var. pickeringii Plants 7.25" plug; Duke Farms Foundation Hillsborough, New Jersey. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/05/04). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
