Asimina (triloba)
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John M. Englert USDA NRCS - Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center Bldg. 509, BARC - East, E. Beaver Dam Road Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (301) 504-8175 (301) 504-8741 (fax) john.englert@wdc.usda.gov http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/mdpmc/ |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Annonaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Annona or custard-apple family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Asimina triloba | ||
| Common Name: | Pawpaw | ||
| Species Code: | ASITRI | ||
| Ecotype: | Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, George Washington Memorial Parkway | ||
| General Distribution: | Rich, damp woods; w. NY and S. Ontario to s. Michigan and e. Nebraska, s. to Florida and Texas. (Gleason and Cronquist, 1991) | ||
| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Bareroot (field grown) | ||
| Stock Type: | bare root seedlings; containerized plants | ||
| Time To Grow: | 0 | ||
| Target Specifications: | Bare root seedlings: are harvested after 2 years in outdoor nursery beds and are 6-18" in height. <br>Containerized plants: selected bare root seedlings are potted into containers as specimens. 1 -2 gallon sized plants range from 36-60" and 3 gallon plants are about 72"in height. A fibrous root system that fills the Spin-Out treated pot is desired. It is important to match the container size to the root system, as small roots may be slow to fill an overly large pot, resulting in retarded top growth. | ||
| Propagule Collection: |
Source: Cumberland Gap National Historical Park in Kentucky and Tennessee. George Washington Memorial Parkway, Turkey Run Trail. Collection Dates: CUGA - September 20; GWMP - September 8. Fruit is collected from trees when flesh is soft. |
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| Propagule Processing: |
Seeds/Kg: approximately 1,500 % Germination: varies from estimated 10-50% depending on the location and year of collection. Seeds are extracted from the fleshy fruit using a Dybvig separator. They are storedin a plastic container with moist paper towels to prevent drying until sown. |
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| Pre-Planting Treatments: |
Seed dormancy: Pawpaw seeds have slowly permeable seed coats and dormant embryos. (Bonner and Halls, 1974) Seed Treatment: Seeds are sown in outdoor nursery beds in the fall soon after collection and cleaning to allow for natural stratification of the seeds. Prior to sowing, seeds are soaked in water for a few hours or overnight. |
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| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Seeds are dusted with fungicide and hand-sown at 1" intervals in rows that are 5-6" apart. Endomycorrhizae are sprinkled over the seed and the row is covered with about 3/4" soil. The beds are mulched with aged sawdust which is scraped back in the spring before seedling emergence. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Newly emerged seeds are monitored closely for irrigation needs. Young seedlings are shaded immediately after emergence with 30% poly screening and are kept under shading until mid-August. Shade is critical to emerging seedlings in our sandy soil. We have found that Pawpaw seedlings in full sun put on very little growth. | ||
| Active Growth Phase: |
Outdoor nursery beds: Because NPMC soil is a nutrient poor, sandy loam, field-grown seedlings are fertilized once weekly from mid-April through early June with a granular 10-10-10. From mid-June through late July, the 10-10-10 is alternated with a granular urea every other week. From late July through late August, the seedlings are fertilized bi-weekly with 10-10-10. Overhead irrigation is used after every fertilization. Rate of water applied is determined by soil moisture prior to irrigation. Containerized plants: after harvest and selective root pruning, 2 year bare root specimen plants are potted in 1 gallon containers in a customized woody mix (3.8 cu. ft. Sunshine #1, 4 cu. ft. pine bark mulch, 4 cups controlled release, 270-day, 18-6-8 Nutricote with micronutrients, and approximately 4 cups of endomycorrhizae.) In successive springs, transplants were bumped up to 2 and 3 gallon containers. Insides of the containers had been treated with Spin-Out to inhibit girdling and encourage development of a fibrorus root system. Pots are top dressed as needed with 180-day controlled release Nutricote 18-6-8. Containers are held in a shade house with overhead irrigation during the growing season. |
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| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: |
Bareroot seedlings: dormant, bareroot plants are harvested in early to mid-December. A bareroot seedling harvester is used to loosen plants in the bed. Seedlings are then sorted by size and tied in manageable bundles. Roots are pruned as needed and kept moist until packing. Bundles are packed in plastic bins with drainage holes, and roots are covered with moist sawdust. Bins are held in cold storage at 40F and watered as needed. Container plants: containers are overwintered outdoors under microfoam. Dead leaves and debris were removed and containers were watered and overlapped on their sides on weed barrier. Rodenticide baits were placed at intervals to discourage gnawing rodents, and the microfoam was secured. |
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| Length of Storage: | 3-5 months | ||
| References: |
Bonner, F. T. and L. K. Halls. 1974. |
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Citation:
Davis, Kathy; Englert, John; King, Brandy; Kujawski, Jennifer. 2002. Propagation protocol for production of Bareroot (field grown) Asimina triloba plants bare root seedlings; containerized plants; USDA NRCS - Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center Beltsville, Maryland. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/05/18). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
