Silphium (terebinthinaceum)
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David J. Horvath Nursery Manager Illinois Department of Natural Resources - Mason State Nursery 17855 N. CR 2400E Topeka, Illinois 61567 309-535-2185 309-535-3286 (fax) dhorvath@dnrmail.state.il.us gillyflowernursery.com |
| Family Scientific Name: | Asteraceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Sunflower family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. | ||
| Common Name: | Prairie Rosin Weed | ||
| Species Code: | SILTER | ||
| Ecotype: | Central Illinois, 650 feet msl elevation | ||
| General Distribution: | S. terebinthinaceum is from throughout the Midwetern states, but does not occur west of Iowa. | ||
| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Bareroot (field grown) | ||
| Stock Type: | 1+0 bareroot | ||
| Time To Grow: | 12 Months | ||
| Target Specifications: | Height: n/a, herbaceous perennial.<br> Caliper: n/a, herbaceous perennial.<br> Root System: Healthy bareroot system from field grown crop. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Seed is collected by hand from nursery stock. The plant flowers from approx. July 13 to August 25. Seed is harvested about Sept. 9. | ||
| Propagule Processing: |
After drying, run the seed through the Dybvig, dry, then over the Clipper with a top screen of 25 and a bottom screen of 13. Let the seed dry more and run it back through the Dybvig and Clipper with a top screen of 15x3/4 or 12x3/4 and a bottom screen of 9 to 13. It is difficult to tell the difference between the trash and seed heads. This seed can cleaned to 71% purity with 1,808 seeds per ounce. |
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| Pre-Planting Treatments: | Field seed is planted in the fall, therefor is not put into cold storage. If unable to plant in the fall due to weather, store the seed dry in cold storage at 34-36 degrees F. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Propagation Environment: Field grown in beds. Propagation Method: Seed sown in 3-4 foot wide, raised beds. Growing Media: Field grown seed is drilled in 3 or 4 foot wide, raised beds, consisting of a sandy loam. Total Time to Harvest: Field grown crops take 10-12 months from time of sowing. This figure is increased to 18 months for field grown plants shipped in the spring. Sowing Date: Field grown crops are sown in the fall once the seed is cleaned. Sowing/Planting Technique: Prairie Dock seed is sown by hand at a rate of 6.4 ounces per 45 linear feet. Mix the seed with equal amounts of vermiculite to aid in sowing. Broadcast this mix in furrows and then cover the seed with soil the same thickness as the seed. The beds should be hydroseeded with a cool-season, annual grass to protect seed over the winter months. |
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| Establishment Phase: | Field grown plants should be monitored for germination. If the seed has not germinated by the first week of May, there has been a problem, ie, seed not planted at the correct depth, blown away, or bad seed lot. Weed the field grown plants by hand early to prevent competition. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 1 month | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Field grown plants are topdressed twice, once in May and once in June with 13-13-13 at a rate of 200 lbs. per acre. This is done after the first true leaves appear. The fertilizer is irrigated in after application. Irrigation is run once or twice a week, depending on weather, and run for one to two hours. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 4 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | For field grown plants, reduce irrigation to slow the vegetative growth down in the fall. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 1 month | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: |
Harvest Date: Field grown plants are lifted in late September to early November and again in the Spring if need be. The top growth should be mostly died down. Once this occurs, it is helpful to mow the tops to a more manageable size. This aids in the lifting process. Plants are undercut at 7-12 inches prior to lifting. While culling and grading is performed, the roots should be misted occasionally. Storage Conditions: Depending on weather conditions, field grown plants may be lifted and shipped in the fall. However, time and labor may require spring shipment. Field grown stock is also stored in cool, dry storage, above freezing. Remove dead vegetation in the culling process, and place the plants in plastic-lined bags. Do not allow root systems to dry out. Storage Duration: Approximately 4 to 6 months. Field grown bareroot plants may be shipped at any time as long as the receiver has cold storage. |
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| Length of Storage: | 4 to 6 months | ||
Citation:
Blessman, Gary; Flood, Roberta Mountz; Horvath, David J.. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of Bareroot (field grown) Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. plants 1+0 bareroot; Illinois Department of Natural Resources - Mason State Nursery Topeka, Illinois. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/12/26). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
