Frangula (caroliniana)
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John Vandevender Center Manager USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center P. O. Box 390 Alderson, West Virginia 24910 304-445-3005 John.vandevender@wv.usda.gov http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/wvpmc |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Rhamnaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Buckthorn family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray | ||
| Common Name: | Carolina buckthorn | ||
| Species Code: | FRCA13 | ||
| Ecotype: | Stones River | ||
| General Distribution: | Carolina buckthorn is found throughout the Central and Southeastern United States from Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio South to Texas and eastward to Florida, South and North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland. | ||
| Known Invasiveness: | None | ||
| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Stock Type: | 1-0 | ||
| Time To Grow: | 12 months | ||
| Target Specifications: | A second spring seedling ranging in height from 6" to 18" and having a compact, well developed root system. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Mature fruit was hand harvested from a population of Stones River ecotype Frangula caroliniana located within the confines of Stones River National battlefield in South Central Tennessee. | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Small lots of seed can be separated from the pulpy fruit by hand rubbing and repeated washing of the macerated material through a number 10 sieve. Repeated washing with tap water flushes the finely macerated pulpy material through the 2 millimeter openings in the sieve, leaving the clean black or reddish black seeds trapped on the sieve mesh. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | Pro-mix BX with bio-fungicide was moistened and placed in heavy plastic trays. The soil was compacted somewhat to prepare a firm seedbed. Seed was spread evenly by hand on the soil surface and then covered with 1/8 to 1/4 inch of additional soil. The top layer was pressed down slightly to ensure good seed to soil contact. The seed was then artificially cold stratified at 35-38 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 days. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Upon completion of cold stratification, seed was moved to the greenhouse to stimulate germination. Seed was maintained in the greenhouse under natural lighting and a minimum temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 1 month | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Once the seedlings had developed adequate root systems, they were transplanted into 1 gallon plastic pots filled with Metro-mix 510 growing medium. Transplants were maintained at a minimum of 65 degrees Fahrenheit in the greenhouse under automatic watering and natural lighting. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 9 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Plants were moved into a shadehouse which provided a minimum of 50 percent shade to allow for hardening off before shipping. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 1-2 months | ||
| References: |
USDA, NRCS. 2016. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 25 August 2016). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. USDA-FS. 2008. The Woody Plant Seed Manual. Agriculture Handbook 527. |
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Citation:
Vandevender, John. 2016. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray Plants 1-0; USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center Alderson, West Virginia. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/04/21). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
