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Oenothera (flava)

Tara Luna
USDI NPS - Glacier National Park
West Glacier, Montana 59936
(406) 888-7835
http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/azpmc
Family Scientific Name: Onagraceae
Family Common Name: Evening Primrose Family
Scientific Name: Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett
Common Synonym: Lavauxia flava A. Nels.
Common Name: Yellow Evening Primrose
Species Code: OENFLA
Ecotype: Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta
General Distribution: Oenothera flava is found from Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California, Colorado and North Dakota. It inhabits drying mud of shallow ponds and prairie potholes.
Propagation Goal: plants
Propagation Method: seed
ProductType: Container (plug)
Stock Type: 160 ml container
Time To Grow: 8 Months
Target Specifications: Height: 4 to 6 true leaves<br> Caliper: n/a<br> Root System: Firm plug in 160 ml container.
Propagule Collection: Seeds are hand collected in August when capsules begin to split open. Seeds are brown at maturity. Seeds are collected in paper bags and kept in a well ventilated drying shed prior to cleaning.
Propagule Processing: Seeds are cleaned with screens to remove chaff.
Seed longevity: N/A
Seed dormancy is classified as non-deep physiological dormancy.
Seeds/Kg: N/
% Purity: 100%
% Germination: 80 to 90%
Pre-Planting Treatments: 90 day cold, moist stratification. Seeds are imbibed in water for 4 hours and placed on moist paper towels insertd into a opened plastic bag. Seeds undergo a 90 day cold, moist stratifcation at 1 to 3C in th refrigerator.
Growing Area Preparation/
Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:		 Greenhouse and Outdoor nursery.
Greenhouse set at 23C day /15C night temperatures.
Sowing Method: Direct Seeding. Seeds are lightly covered with medium.
Growing medium used is 6:1:1 sphagnum peat,vermiculite,and perlite. Conetainers are irrigated thoroughly after sowing.
Establishment Phase: Medium is kept slightly moist during germination by misting twice per day. True leaves emerge 2 weeks after initial germination and seedlings are thinned at this stage.
Length of Establishment Phase: 4 weeks
Active Growth Phase: Once seedlings are established, plants develop rapid shoot and root growth 2 to 4 weeks following germination. Plants are fertilized with 20-20-20 liquid NPK at 100 ppm weekly during the growing season.
Length of Active Growth Phase: 12 weeks
Hardening Phase: Plants are fertilized with 10-20-20 liquid NPK at 200 ppm in early fall. Containers are leached with water. Irrigation is gradually reduced through September and October.
Length of Hardening Phase: 4 weeks
Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: Total Time To Harvest:7 months
Harvest Date: September
Storage Conditions: Overwinter in outdoor nursery under insulating foam cover and snow.
Seedlings are ready for outplanting in September.
Length of Storage: 5 months
References: Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Hitchcock and Cronquist, Univ. of Washington Press, 7th printing, 1990.

Citation:

Luna, Tara. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett plants 160 ml container; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/04/21). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.