Elymus (glaucus)
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Rae Watson Forestry Technician USDA FS - J Herbert Stone Nursery 2606 Old Stage Rd. Central Point, Oregon 97537 541.858.6131 541.858.6110 (fax) rewatson@fs.fed.us gillyflowernursery.com |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Gramineae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Grass family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Elymus glaucus | ||
| Common Name: | blue wild rye | ||
| Species Code: | ELYGLA | ||
| Propagation Goal: | seeds | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) | ||
| Time To Grow: | 0 | ||
| Target Specifications: | Harvest yields vary by seedlot, weather and age of planting. Average yields range between 224 to 1008 kg/ha (200 to 900 lbs/acre). Approximate first-year yield for spring sown crops yield 224 kg/ha (200 lbs/acre) and fall sown crops yield 560 kg/ha (500 lb/acre). Yield remains constant with increasing seedbed age. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | No stratification or seed soaking required. Awns must be removed from seed before sowing. This is done at an extractory with brush machines. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Soils are fumigated with dazomet (Basamid) at a rate of 392kg/ha (350 lbs/acre). Several weeks after fumigation, soils are ripped and disked and 1.2m (4 ft) wideraised beds are formed. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Beds are sown and banded with fertilizer at the same time in the fall months. Fertilizer is ammonium phosphate (11-52-0) and potassium sulfate (0-0-53) at a rate of 280 kg/ha (250 lbs/acre) for both fertilizers. Seed is sown through a modified Love/Oyjord seed drill at a rate of 33 to 40 seeds per linear meter (10 to 12 seeds linear foot). Seed is sown in four rows, 30cm (12in) apart and immediately covered with a 6 to 8 mm layer of sawdust. Daily irrigations are made when the seed zone begins to dry out and continues until seedlings emerge which is usually between one and two weeks period. Benefits of fall sowing are that there tends to be less weeks during establishment and higher yields the following summer. | ||
| Active Growth Phase: |
Soil moisture is maintained at field capacity until seed harvest time. After harvest, moisture is brought up to field capacity again. In early spring, two applications of ammonium nitrate (33-0-0) are made at the rate of 112 kg/ha (100 lbs/acre) at a two to three week interval. For two year and older crops four applications of triple thirteen (13-13-13) are made: two applications made one month apart in the early spring at the rate of 308 kg/ha (275 lbs/acre); application made in late May and one in late September at 112 kg/ha (100). Mites are controlled by spot applications of chlorpyrifos (Dursban) where mites populations exceed IPM thresholds. If rests, smuts and ergot exceed IPM threshold levels, stand is treated with propiconazole (Banner Maxx). Several hand weedings are made during the spring and fall, especially critical is the weeding prior to harvest to assure that weed seed is not harvested. Dicamba (Banvel) is used for broadleaf control in seedbeds but only when weed loads are heavy. Glyphosate (Roundup) and oxyfluorfen (Goal) are used in the pathways and along irrigation pipelines. Nozzles are shrouded to prevent crop damage. |
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| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: |
Seed is monitored for ripeness and considered ready for harvest when the caryopsis is hard and individual seeds are easily removed from the seed stalk. This occurs mainly in June and July but can extend into August. Harvesting seed is done mainly with a combination of swathing first and then combining. However, direct combining is used when the biomass of the seedlot is low. The swather/combining method involves first swathing using a John Deere swather sicklebar with belt draper to cut the base of the seed stalk, leaving the stalks in place to dry for 2 to 4 days and then combining.Seed is placed in drying bins 1.2m (4 ft) by 1.2m (4 ft) by .5m (1.5 ft) deep with screened bottoms. These screens are stacked five high over a warm air duct which moves heated air 38C (100F). Air flow continues for 12 hours until seed moisture drops between 5 and 8 percent. Dried seeds are place in plastic bags (4mils) in boxes. Boxes are stored in coolers at 1C (34F) and/or freezers at -17(2F) for long term storage. Viability is expected to be greater than 8 years under these conditions. |
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| References: | Archibald C., Feigner S., Visser, J. Spring 2000. Seed and Seedling Production of Blue Wild-Rye. Native Plants Journal Vol. 1, Number 1. Pages 32 - 34. | ||
Citation:
Feigner, Steve; Archibald, Colleen; Visser, Johan. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Elymus glaucus seeds USDA FS - J Herbert Stone Nursery Central Point, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/23). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
