Celtis (ehrenbergiana )
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Allegra Mount Seed Lab Manager Borderlands Restoration PO Box 1191 Patagonia, Arizona 85624 949-690-2592 borderlands.restoration@gmail.com www.borderlandsrestoration.org |
| Family Scientific Name: | Ulmaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Elm Family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liemb. | ||
| Common Name: | Spiny Hackberry | ||
| Ecotype: | Madrean Archipelago | ||
| General Distribution: |
Foothills and mesas 1,500-3,000 ft in Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Useful in erosion control due to extensive root systems (Vines 1984). |
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| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Propagule Collection: |
Berries are collected by hand in September-December. If it is early in the season and fruits are still moist, spread the berries to prevent mold. If it is later in the season, no additional drying is necessary (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008). |
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| Propagule Processing: |
Pulp removal is recommended to increase germination rates (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008). To remove flesh from berries for storage or planting, wash under running water in a semi-fine sieve to remove pulp. Let seed dry completely. This method of wet maceration has been effectively used on sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata) and common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008) Another tested and recommended method of de-pulping is dry maceration (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008), where flesh is removed by grinding the berries gently between two rocks, followed by air winnowing to remove berry debris. Dry maceration has not been tested at the MAPP seed facility. There is mixed information concerning storage durations for hackberry seeds. Viability for common hackberry may be maintained for up to 5.5 years when seed is stored in airtight containers at 5°C (Gucker 2011), and this may be the case for spiny hackberry as well although there have been no studies to confirm this. |
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| Establishment Phase: |
Fermenting the seed and then removing the pulp prior to planting increases germination rates. Following pulp removal, all hackberry species should be cold-stratified at 5°C in a moist media to break dormancy (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008). Stratification for 90-120 days is effective for common hackberry, sugarberry and netleaf hackberry (Bonner and Karrfalt 2008), so it is reasonable to assume this method may be useful for spiny hackberry as well. |
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| References: |
Bonner, Franklin T. and Robert P. Karrfalt, eds.The woody plant seed manual, USDA Forest Service Agricultural Handbook No. 727. Government Printing Office, Washington DC: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2008. Gucker, Corey L. 2011. “Celtis occidentalis.” Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Web. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2017, January 3]. Kearney, Thomas H., and Robert H. Peebles. Arizona Flora. Berkeley: U of California, 1960. Print. Vines, Robert A. Trees of central Texas. University of Texas Press, 1984. Print. Borderlands Restoration Network (2018). BRN Native Plant Materials Program Database. Unpublished Raw Data. |
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Citation:
Allen-Cantú, Juniper; Claverie, Francesca; McNelis, Perin; Mount, Allegra. 2018. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liemb. Plants Borderlands Restoration Patagonia, Arizona. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/23). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
