Achillea (millefolium)
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Tara Luna USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 (406) 888-7835 http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/azpmc |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Asteraceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Sunflower Family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Achillea millefolium L. (Nutt.) Piper | ||
| Common Synonym: | Achillea lanulosa Nutt. | ||
| Common Name: | Yarrow | ||
| Species Code: | ACHMIL | ||
| Ecotype: | Subalpine meadow Logan Pass, Glacier National Park | ||
| General Distribution: |
A. millefolium is a circumboreal species found throughout North America, Europe and Asia. It grows from sealevel to the alpine zone in a variety of habitats. It has a very broad and diverse ecological amplitude, being a frequent colonizer of disturbed areas from sea level to the alpine zone. It is an important pioneer, long-lived perennial forb that spread by rhizomes once established on outplanting sites. |
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| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Stock Type: | 172 ml conetainers | ||
| Time To Grow: | 4 Months | ||
| Target Specifications: | Height: 10 cm<br> Caliper: n/a<br> Root System: firm plug in conetainer | ||
| Propagule Collection: |
Seeds are collected by cutting entire inflorescence and the disk achenes are brown. Seeds mature in late summer and early fall. Seeds are light tan at maturity. Seeds are collected in paper bags and kept in a well ventilayed greenhouse during the drying process and prior to cleaning. Collection Locality: Logan Pass, Glacier National Park,MT |
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| Propagule Processing: |
Seeds are cleaned with a hammermill, screens, and fanning mill. Seed longevity is 3 to 5 years in sealed containers at 1C. Seed dormancy is classified as non dormant. Seeds per kilogram: 4,700,000/kg % Purity: 100% % Germination: 90% to 100% |
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| Pre-Planting Treatments: | None | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Outdoor nursery growing facility or Greenhouse. Sowing Method: Direct Seeding. Seeds are lightly covered with medium. Growing medium used is milled sphagnum peat, perlite, and vermiculite with Osmocote controlled release fertilizer (13N:13P2O5:13K2O; 8 to 9 month release rate at 21C) and Micromax fertilizer (12%S, 0.1%B, 0.5%Cu, 12%Fe, 2.5%Mn, 0.05%Mo, 1%Zn) at the rate of 1 gram of Osmocote and 0.20 gram of Micromax per 172 ml conetainer. Conetainers are filled and sown in late fall if grown outdoors in the nursery or just prior too sowing in the greenhouse. Conetainers are irrigated thoroughly after sowing. |
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| Establishment Phase: | Medium is kept slightly moist during germination. Germination occurs at 22C. Germination is usually complete in 14 days. Seedlings are thinned at the true leaf stage. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 3 weeks | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Shoot and root development occur rapidly following germination. Additional fertilizer was not required for plants to obtain root tightness in 3 to 4 weeks. Plants were flowering 6 weeks after germination. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 6 weeks | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Irrigation is gradually reduced in September and October. Plants are leached with clear water and fertilized with 10-20-20 lquid NPK fertilizer once before winterization. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 8 weeks | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: |
Total Time To Harvest:4 months Harvest Date: June to July Storage Conditions: Overwinter in outdoor nursery under insulating foam cover and snow. |
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| Length of Storage: | 5 months | ||
| Other Comments: |
Vegetative Propagation Method: Yarrow is rhizomatous and can be propagated by divisions. There are 3 botanical varieties; var. lanulosa (non maritime), var. alpicola (alpine), and var. californica (maritime). |
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| References: |
Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Hitchcock and Cronquist, 7th edition, University of Washington Press, 1973. Seeding Rate Statistics for Native and Introduced Species, Hassell, Wendel, U.S.D.I. and U.S.D.A., April 1996. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin and Baskin, Academic Press, 1998. Seed Germination: Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, Deno, Norman, 1993. Glacier National Park Native Plant Nursery Propagation Records, unpublished. |
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Citation:
Luna, Tara; Evans, Jeff; Wick, Dale. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Achillea millefolium L. plants 172 ml conetainers; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/11/23). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
