Iliamna (rivularis var. rivularis)

Tara Luna USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 (406) 888-7835 http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/azpmc

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Family Scientific Name:	Malvaceae
Family Common Name:	Hollyhock family
Scientific Name:	Iliamna rivularis var. rivularis (Dougl.) Greene
Common Name:	Mountain Hollyhock
Species Code:	ILIRIV
Ecotype:	Forest opening, Walton Ranger Station, Glacier National Park, MT.
General Distribution:	I. rivularis occurs east of the Cascades; from B.C. to Oregon, east to Montana and Colorado.
Propagation Goal:	plants
Propagation Method:	seed
ProductType:	Container (plug)
Stock Type:	164 ml conetainers
Time To Grow:	5 Months
Target Specifications:	Stock Type: Container seedling<br> Height: 6 to 10 true leaves, 30 cm<br> Caliper: n/a<br> Root System: Firm plug in 160 ml conetainer.
Propagule Collection:	Seeds are hand collected in late August when capsules turn brown and begin to dehisce. Mature seed color is brown. Seed capsules are collected in paper bags and kept in drying shed prior to cleaning.
Propagule Processing:	Seeds are cleaned with a thresher and screened. Seed longevity is at least 10 years under dry cool storage conditions at 3 to 5 C and low relative humidity. Seeds/Kg: 100,000/kg Seed dormancy is classified as physical- physiological dormancy. % Purity: 100% % Germination: 100%
Pre-Planting Treatments:	Seeds are scarified in a brief, 5 to 10 second hot water bath and immediately transferred to cold water to imbibe in water overnight. Seeds are placed in fine mesh bags in moist peat moss in ventilated containers at 3 C for a 30 to 60 day cold, moist stratification.
Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:	Greenhouse and outdoor nursery growing facility. Sowing Method: Direct Seeding. Seeds are covered with medium. Growing media used is 6:1:1 milled sphagnum peat, perlite, and vermiculite with Osmocote controlled release fertilizer (13N:13P2O5:13K2O; 8 to 9 month release rate at 21C) and Micromax fertilizer (12%S, 0.1%B, 0.5%Cu, 12%Fe, 2.5%Mn, 0.05%Mo, 1%Zn) at the rate of 1 gram of Osmocote and 0.20 gram of Micromax per 172 ml conetainer. Greenhouse temperatures are maintained at 21 to 25C during the day and 16 to 18C at night. Seedlings are hand watered and remain in greenhouse until mid May. Seedlings are then moved to outdoor nursery for the remainder of the growing season. Seedlings are irrigated with Rainbird automatic irrigation system in early morning until containers are thoroughly leached. Average growing season of nursery is from late April after snowmelt until October 15th.
Establishment Phase:	Seedlings emerge 7 to 10 days after sowing. Once established and thinned 2 weeks after emergence, the seedlings produce rapid shoot development. Because of the large surface area of the leaves, overhead irrigation of conetainers is difficult. Seedlingd will need to be spaced to receive effective irrigation.
Length of Establishment Phase:	4 weeks
Active Growth Phase:	Plants are fertilized weekly with 13-13-13 liquid NPK at 100 ppm. during this stage. Plants are moved to outdoor nursery in late spring to continue growth. Seedlings are potted into (3L) 1 gallon containers in late spring.
Length of Active Growth Phase:	12 weeks
Hardening Phase:	Seedlings are fertilized with 10-20-20 liquid NPK at 200 ppm during August and September. Irrigation is gradually reduced in September and October. Plants were given one final irrigation prior to winterization.
Length of Hardening Phase:	8 weeks
Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:	Total Time To Harvest:7 months Harvest Date: July Storage Conditions: Overwinter in outdoor nursery under insulating foam and snow cover.
Length of Storage:	5 months
Other Comments:	Sandpaper scarification does not result in good rates of germination. Brief hot water scarification results in highest rates of germination uniformity. I. rivularis is a large perennial with deeply spreading roots, which occurs on moist but well drained soils. It is common in burns, which is indicative of the physical dormancy and need for high temperatures to break seed coat dormancy. Plants held over in the nursery were flowering 8 weeks after snowmelt. Chlorosis was noted on plants held in the nursery over one year; members of the Malvaceae deplete nutrients from the soil rapidly. Frequent fertilization is necessary.
References:	Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Hitchcock and Cronquist, Univ. of Washington Press, 7th printing, 1990. Glacier Park Native Plant Nursery Propagation Records, unpublished. Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, Deno, Norman, publ. 1993. Seeding Rate Statistics for Native and Introduced Species, Hassell, Wendel, National Park Service and National Resources Conservation Service, April 1996. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin and Baskin, Academic Press, 1998.

Citation:

Luna, Tara; Evans, Jeff; Wick, Dale. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Iliamna rivularis var. rivularis (Dougl.) Greene plants 164 ml conetainers; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/04/19). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.